NYSE: LTC

LTC Properties, Inc.

Alpha Intelligence

Shareholder and Governance Insights

LTC is accelerating its shift toward seniors-housing operations while capital, operator and AI-control evidence must scale with the portfolio.

Executive summary

Through July 22, 2026, LTC had invested nearly $285 million in SHOP assets, lifting SHOP to 35% of gross investments across 37 properties and 12 operators. The company paired that expansion with $154.7 million of second-quarter ATM proceeds and a credit facility increased to $1.1 billion. First-quarter Core FFO and Core FAD were $0.69 and $0.72 per share, respectively, and voting support remained high. The governance record also acknowledges internal AI use and gives a standing committee AI oversight responsibility. Public evidence does not yet identify individual AI systems, risk tiers, operator controls, testing coverage or incidents. The board-level opportunity is to make SHOP performance, funding guardrails and AI control evidence part of one recurring oversight cadence.

LTC PropertiesNYSE: LTC
Verified quoteTemporarily unavailable
Review evidence

Alpha view

The strategic shift is visible and funded; the next governance test is whether operating and control evidence becomes as measurable as the acquisition pace.

What changed
Nearly $285 million of 2026 SHOP investment expanded the platform to 37 properties and 12 operators through July 22.
Why it matters
Through July 22, 2026, LTC had invested nearly $285 million in SHOP assets, lifting SHOP to 35% of gross investments across 37 properties and 12 operators. The company paired that expansion with $154.7 million of second-quarter ATM proceeds and a credit facility increased to $1.1 billion. First-quarter Core FFO and Core FAD were $0.69 and $0.72 per share, respectively, and voting support remained high. The governance record also acknowledges internal AI use and gives a standing committee AI oversight responsibility. Public evidence does not yet identify individual AI systems, risk tiers, operator controls, testing coverage or incidents. The board-level opportunity is to make SHOP performance, funding guardrails and AI control evidence part of one recurring oversight cadence.
What the board should do
Assign named owners and deadlines, then require the three records to reconcile in one quarterly board pack.
Decision signals

The five issues that carry the decision.

Direction, board relevance, and source health stay visible without reducing the analysis to an unexplained status color.

Capital allocationWatch
Observed

Equity issuance is carrying a material share of growth funding

The Q2 ATM program generated $154.7 million of net proceeds, so per-share accretion and the timing of NOI conversion are central board evidence.

Materiality
Selected for the decision brief
Board relevance
Market expectations
Evidence health
1 linked, 0 primary · reviewed 2026-08-04
Proxy votingStable
Inferred

Highlighted voting items retained more than 96% support

Low opposition indicates no broad public voting challenge, but it does not remove the need for transition-specific oversight.

Materiality
Selected for the decision brief
Board relevance
Board and committee oversight
Evidence health
1 linked, 1 primary · reviewed 2026-08-04
AI oversightImproving
Observed

Committee accountability exists

The proxy assigns AI implementation and protocol oversight to a standing committee and identifies director experience relevant to that mandate.

Materiality
Selected for the decision brief
Board relevance
AI accountability and controls
Evidence health
1 linked, 1 primary · reviewed 2026-08-04
Control evidenceWatch
Inferred

AI use is acknowledged without a public system-level control record

The 10-K identifies internal and operator or vendor AI risks, while public filings do not disclose an inventory, risk tiers, testing coverage or incident metrics.

Materiality
Selected for the decision brief
Board relevance
AI accountability and controls
Evidence health
2 linked, 2 primary · reviewed 2026-08-04
Earnings call intelligence

Q1 2026 Core FFO was $0.69 per share, Core FAD was $0.72 per share and SHOP NOI was $12.7 million.

Q2 2026 results were scheduled after the August 4 evidence cutoff, making portfolio conversion, equity funding and guidance the next observable tests.

Next earnings
Not confirmed
AI narrative
0 direct mentions in the reviewed call
Analyst scrutiny
Analyst actions, stances, and targets are dated third-party provider observations, not Alpha recommendations. The issuer roster listed eight covering analysts, but this report does not attribute an action to a named individual unless the action source does so.
Open preparation items
3
Commitments due
Structured status history unavailable
Board agenda preview

Decisions requiring ownership and evidence.

Open the complete board agenda
Not available

Board action tracking is unavailable

The current public report does not contain structured decisions with owners and triggers. Alpha has not inferred them.

Key exhibits

Evidence that opens into the analysis.

Each exhibit links to its owning destination. Exact values and source paths remain attached.

OwnershipObserved

Proxy ownership snapshot

BlackRock
15.8%
Vanguard
9.6%
State Street
6.3%
Directors and executive officers
2.2%

Percentages reflect different reporting dates and must not be summed or treated as a single-date cap table.

2 / 9

Performance

LTC performance, expectations, and operating context.

Operating results, market performance, valuation, risk, and expectations.

Live provider data

Price, returns, benchmarks, and risk.

Exact dated series are shown when verified. Unavailable provider values are never substituted.

Not available

Market performance is being verified

The live provider has not returned a complete snapshot. No values were substituted.

Verifying live company and market data…

Market frame

The public quote sits below the provider mean target

The August 4 observation was $38.54 against an eight-analyst mean target of $41.43 and a Hold consensus.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
Observed price
$38.54August 4, 2026
Mean target
$41.43Eight analysts
Implied gap
7.5%Calculated
PositioningObserved

Short interest was 5.3% of float

The July 15 provider snapshot reported 2.65 million shares short and 4.36 days to cover, up 15.3% from June 30.

Alpha takeaway

The calculated 7.5% gap is modest and provider-dependent; no total-return comparison is asserted without a controlled price series.

Operating transition

SHOP is now large enough to determine the investment narrative

The portfolio reached 37 SHOP properties across 12 operators after nearly $285 million of announced 2026 investment through July 22.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
SHOP mix
35%Gross investments
SHOP properties
37July 22
SHOP operators
1210 new relationships
Earnings frameObserved

2026 guidance remained the available baseline

Q1 guidance was $2.75 to $2.79 for Core FFO per share and $2.82 to $2.86 for Core FAD per share. Q2 2026 results were not yet available at the evidence cutoff.

Alpha takeaway

The operating scorecard should separate acquired NOI, same-store performance, occupancy, margin and integration progress by operator.

Valuation frame

Income support and growth funding create a two-sided valuation test

The observed price implies a 5.92% indicated yield and 13.9 times the midpoint of 2026 Core FFO guidance.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings

Alpha takeaway

The board should pair acquisition approvals with per-share accretion, stabilized yield and equity-cost thresholds.

Decision exhibits

Market evidence in comparable form.

Verified report visuals keep the benchmark, exact values, interpretation, and source path together.

SHOP mixObserved

SHOP became a material operating platform

Why it matters: The disclosed mix rose rapidly during the 2025 to 2026 portfolio transition.

View chart data and evidence
Accessible data for SHOP became a material operating platform
ObservationValue
Year-end 20240%
Q1 2026 reporting29%
July 22 update35% current

Risk frame

Execution, funding and operator controls are now linked

The same transition that expands operating upside also adds integration, operator, equity-funding and information-control dependencies.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
AI third partiesObserved

Operator and vendor AI use may be undisclosed

The 10-K states that operators and vendors may use AI without disclosing it to LTC, increasing information-security, privacy, intellectual-property and accuracy risks.

Alpha takeaway

Risk reporting should connect each acquisition cohort to operator performance, financing source and control exceptions.

Observed share price

$38.54August 4, 2026 delayed observationReference point

Provider consensus

HoldEight analysts; $41.43 mean targetNeutral

Short interest

5.3%Float; July 15 settlementWatch

Price to Core FFO midpoint

13.9xCalculated from Q1 guidance and observed priceValuation frame
Consensus sources and methodology

Observable company and ownership signals

Observable market signals

Recent action

$47 targetWells Fargo reiterated Hold and raised its target from $34 to $47 on July 15, according to the provider snapshot.
Source and context

Short positioning

2.65M sharesThe July 15 snapshot represented 5.3% of float and 4.36 days to cover.
Source and context
3 / 9

Earnings Call Intelligence

Prepare the board for the next call.

Latest call, management narrative, disclosure signals, and market interpretation.

Filed facts and issuer statements are separated from provider observations and Alpha Market Interpretation. None of these inputs changes the Not Rated status.

Earnings analysis separates management statements, observable disclosure signals, and Alpha interpretation. Predictive language is calibrated and unsupported histories are omitted.

Earnings update · 2026-05-06

Latest completed reporting period

Q1 2026 Core FFO was $0.69 per share, Core FAD was $0.72 per share and SHOP NOI was $12.7 million.

What changed, what the market heard, and what remains open · 2026-08-04

Executive Intelligence Brief

Findings separate observed evidence from Alpha interpretation. Analyst profiles summarize sourced participation and topics without assigning personality, motive, or private relationship labels.

Management ground truth

SHOP reached 35% of gross investments

Nearly $285 million of 2026 SHOP investment expanded the platform to 37 properties and 12 operators through July 22.
Source and context

Disclosure velocity and investor pressure · 2026-08-04

AI Disclosure and Analyst Attention

Counts use case-insensitive standalone 'AI' tokens in normalized visible text for the proxy and Q1 10-Q. The call count covers prepared remarks and analyst Q&A in the cited transcript and also checks the phrase 'artificial intelligence'. Navigation, legal boilerplate outside the transcript, repeated headers and link text are excluded. The 10-K use and risk disclosure is analyzed qualitatively because it uses both the acronym and the full phrase in a defined risk section.

2026 proxy statement

T2
4direct mentions

Four standalone AI tokens in visible proxy text, including committee responsibility and director experience.

Source and context

Inside the earnings call

Who drove the AI conversation?

Prepared remarks
0
Q&A
0
Analyst mentions
0
Management in Q&A
0

Analysts made 0 direct AI mentions across 0 question turns from 0 covering analysts.

Source and context

Wall Street attention

What analysts asked about

Source and context

Observed

AI use and risk are explicit in the 10-K and oversight is explicit in the proxy, while the Q1 call and 10-Q contained no measured AI references.

Alpha inference

The public market conversation is focused on SHOP economics, operator scale and financing rather than AI; that absence does not establish low operational use or low risk.

Governance and next-call implication

The committee should request system-level and operator-level control evidence before analyst attention or an incident forces a reactive disclosure cycle.

Management ground truth

Management Signal Map

Strategic priorities

explicit
What management said

Management is using SHOP acquisitions to reshape the portfolio mix.

Evidence

SHOP increased from 29% of gross investments at Q1 reporting to 35% after the July 22 acquisition.

Tone shift

The later update showed faster progress toward the year-end mix objective.

Still unresolved

Property-level stabilization, same-store NOI and operator-level margin evidence remain the key conversion tests.

Source and context

Capital allocation

explicit
What management said

Growth is being supported by both common equity and expanded committed credit.

Evidence

The company reported $154.7 million of Q2 ATM proceeds and increased facility commitments to $1.1 billion.

Tone shift

Financing capacity expanded alongside the acquisition pipeline.

Still unresolved

The next disclosure should reconcile acquisition yields, stabilization timing and per-share accretion with dilution and leverage.

Source and context

Attributed interpretation

Market Narrative Synthesis

1

Market hearingstrong evidence

SHOP conversion is the principal thesis

LTC is becoming a more operational seniors-housing REIT, so asset-level performance matters more than acquisition volume alone.
Support
SHOP reached 35% of gross investments and analyst questions concentrated on NOI, occupancy, margins and operator execution.
What weakens it
Public cohort-level underwriting and integration variance data were not available.
Source and context
2

Market hearingmoderate evidence

Capital cost is the balancing narrative

Equity and revolver capacity can fund growth, but the market will test whether returns exceed dilution and financing costs.
Support
Q2 ATM proceeds were $154.7 million and facility commitments increased to $1.1 billion.
What weakens it
The report does not have a same-date net asset value or peer cost-of-capital study.
Source and context

Evidence discipline

Signal vs. Perception Gap Analysis

Signal vs. perception

Scale versus stabilization proof

high gap
What was said

Management disclosed rapid SHOP acquisition and operator expansion.

What was heard

The likely market question is whether acquired economics persist after integration and mix normalization.

Interpretation risk

Acquisition volume can be mistaken for value creation before stabilized NOI and per-share outcomes are visible.

Mispriced opportunity

Publish a cohort scorecard that reconciles acquisition underwriting to occupancy, margin, NOI and capital cost.

Source and context

Signal vs. perception

AI oversight versus control evidence

medium gap
What was said

The 10-K acknowledges AI use and risk, and the proxy assigns committee oversight.

What was heard

No AI theme surfaced on the Q1 call, so public investors may not yet be testing the control environment.

Interpretation risk

Silence can be misread as absence of use, exposure or governance need.

Mispriced opportunity

Create an enterprise and operator AI register with risk tiers, testing and incident escalation before a material event.

Source and context
Not available

Longitudinal narrative trajectory is unavailable

The public evidence contains one reviewed earnings-call period. Alpha shows current themes but does not infer a multi-period trajectory.

Not available

Commitment follow-through is not yet tracked

The current report does not contain a structured history of management commitments, due dates, and later status. No completion state is inferred.

4 / 9

Wall Street Analysts

How analysts frame the company and where they will press next.

Coverage actions, persona analysis, thesis history, and next-call pressure tests.

Wall Street evidence is a dated public record of published recommendations, target actions, and call participation. Alpha adds source-linked interpretation to show what each analyst prioritizes and where the thesis may be tested next.

Sourced analyst facts remain attributed to the public record. Persona labels are Alpha interpretations of observable questioning posture and published stance, not psychological profiles, private motives, or relationship judgments.

Revision trend

Dated provider target range

  1. Low target$38
  2. Mean target$41.43
  3. Recent Wells Fargo target$47

The $38.54 observed price sat near the low end of the dated target set and 7.5% below the mean. The recent $47 action widened the upper range without changing the Hold stance.

Provider consensusHold
Source and context

Alpha Intelligence

Alpha Market Interpretation

Alpha Intelligence capability

Governed public-market interpretation

Alpha structures source-linked market evidence into decision-useful signals. This published snapshot is fixed at the report evidence cutoff.
Engine
Alpha Intelligence
Model
alpha-market-interpretation-v1
Evidence cutoff
2026-08-04
Release state
publishable
Review state
evidence verified

Coverage composition

1 public analyst lens1 firm, 1 dated action, and 7 linked evidence records define the observable coverage set.

Thesis convergence

1 evidence-linked theses1 partially confirmed

Revision frontier

3 next-call pressure tests
  1. Conversion of acquisition scale into recurring NOIHow are the 2025 and 2026 SHOP acquisition cohorts tracking against underwriting for occupancy, margin, NOI and stabilization timing?
  2. Cost of capital and dilutionWhat return and per-share accretion thresholds govern the balance among ATM equity, revolver capacity and asset recycling for the remaining pipeline?
  3. Operator-control consistencyWhat common operating and technology controls are required across the 10 new SHOP operator relationships, including disclosure of material AI use?

Evidence gaps

Public evidence only
  • Q2 2026 results and the related earnings call occurred after the evidence cutoff and are excluded.
  • Provider targets, recommendations, quotes and short interest are point-in-time observations that can change after verification.
  • No same-quarter manager-resolved peer 13F screen was completed, so white-space targets are not named.
  • Public disclosure does not establish the design or effectiveness of LTC's AI controls.

Governance implications

Evidence quality routes the next review
Transparency
moderate
Completeness
partial
Credibility
improving
Market Interpretation can trigger an evidence review. It does not alter AGR or GEH.

Observable actions

Covering Analysts and Latest Actions

FirmAnalystLatest stanceLatest actionPrice targetWhy it matters
Wells FargoNot disclosedHoldReiterated Hold and raised the price target from $34 to $47$47The target change widened the provider's visible range shortly before Q2 reporting, while the recommendation remained neutral.

Analyst actions, stances, and targets are dated third-party provider observations, not Alpha recommendations. The issuer roster listed eight covering analysts, but this report does not attribute an action to a named individual unless the action source does so.

Alpha analysis of sourced public participation and stated views

Analyst Persona Analysis

Each persona is Alpha's evidence-bound interpretation of the analyst's public call participation and published stance as of the report cutoff. It is not a psychological profile, statement of private motive, or relationship judgment.

Five public participants

Aggregate Q1 call lens

Observed earnings-call record
Coverage: recent external attributionStance: UnscoredAlpha lens: Fundamental SkepticQuestioning: probingmoderate evidence confidence
Primary thesis driver
SHOP property economics, closing execution, operator breadth, same-store NOI and funding efficiency.
Evidence-bound analyst lens
Questions moved from property-level economics to portfolio scalability, operator breadth and capital consequences.
Priority KPIs
SHOP occupancy and NOI · Same-store margin · Acquisition cap rate · Net debt to EBITDA · Operator concentration
Topics that prompted follow-up
Closing delays · Mix-driven RevPOR changes · Equity issuance without visible accretion · Operator performance dispersion
Historical record
Not scored: no complete public recommendation and outcome series was assembled.
Source and context

Stated thesis versus execution evidence

Analyst Thesis and Question History

Public covering analysts

Aggregate Q1 call lens

Partially Confirmedcontested
Analyst thesis
The SHOP strategy can create value if property-level operations and capital deployment convert to durable per-share earnings.
Management said
Management described a roughly $600 million acquisition midpoint, a large pipeline and pro forma leverage within its target range.
Execution evidence
By July 22, SHOP was 35% of gross investments after nearly $285 million of 2026 investment, with material ATM funding.

Acquisition execution is visible, while stabilization, integration and per-share value creation require subsequent evidence.

Source and context

Forward pressure test

Revision Frontier

1

Alpha-recommended question

How are the 2025 and 2026 SHOP acquisition cohorts tracking against underwriting for occupancy, margin, NOI and stabilization timing?

Pressure point
Conversion of acquisition scale into recurring NOI
Possible asker
Fundamental or valuation-focused covering analyst
The Q1 call repeatedly tested property economics and scalability, and the portfolio expanded further before Q2 reporting.Calibrated possibility, not a prediction.
Source and context
2

Unresolved risk topic

What return and per-share accretion thresholds govern the balance among ATM equity, revolver capacity and asset recycling for the remaining pipeline?

Pressure point
Cost of capital and dilution
Possible asker
Valuation-focused covering analyst
The company raised material common equity and expanded the facility while continuing acquisitions.Calibrated possibility, not a prediction.
Source and context
3

Alpha-recommended question

What common operating and technology controls are required across the 10 new SHOP operator relationships, including disclosure of material AI use?

Pressure point
Operator-control consistency
Possible asker
Governance or risk-focused analyst
The operator perimeter expanded quickly and the 10-K states that operator or vendor AI use may not be disclosed to LTC.Calibrated possibility, not a prediction.
Source and context

Decision use

Governance Implications

For management

For investors

Transparency quality

moderateLTC provides timely portfolio, financing and board-mandate disclosure, but operating cohort and AI system-level evidence are limited.

Disclosure completeness

partialThe record supports strategic, financial, voting and oversight claims while leaving white-space targeting and AI control effectiveness unavailable.

Credibility trajectory

improvingFrequent SHOP and capital updates improve visibility into the transition; the next improvement should be comparable integration and control metrics.
5 / 9

Ownership

Shareholder structure, influence, and engagement opportunities.

Control, institutional holders, concentration, and shareholder opportunities.

Shareholder intelligence

The proxy shows concentrated institutional ownership with date limitations

BlackRock, Vanguard and State Street were the largest disclosed holders in the proxy ownership table.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
Reported holdersObserved

Three institutions exceeded 5% in the proxy snapshot

The proxy listed BlackRock at 15.8%, Vanguard at 9.6% and State Street at 6.3%, with the underlying reporting dates varying by holder.

Insider ownershipObserved

Directors and executive officers held 2.2%

The proxy reported 1,098,715 shares for the director and executive officer group as of the proxy ownership date.

Alpha takeaway

Percentages reflect different reporting dates and must not be summed; an engagement plan should use a reconciled, same-date ownership file.

Shareholder opportunities

No target-holder list is asserted without same-quarter peer evidence

A controlled white-space screen requires manager-resolved 13F holdings for LTC and a fixed healthcare REIT peer set at the same quarter-end.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
Evidence gapObserved

Peer ownership comparison is unavailable

This report did not complete a same-quarter, manager-resolved peer 13F analysis. It therefore does not infer which investors should own LTC.

Alpha takeaway

Commission the comparison before naming target investors, and preserve index, passive, active and manager-family distinctions.

Ownership exhibits

Concentration and influence at a glance.

The chart uses the same evidence-linked observations as the ownership analysis and exposes its underlying data.

OwnershipObserved

Proxy ownership snapshot

Why it matters: Percentages reflect different reporting dates and must not be summed or treated as a single-date cap table.

View chart data and evidence
Accessible data for Proxy ownership snapshot
ObservationValue
BlackRock15.8%
Vanguard9.6%
State Street6.3%
Directors and executive officers2.2%
6 / 9

Governance

Board composition, accountability, and voting pressure.

Board composition, committee accountability, proxy evidence, and governance risk.

Board oversight

AI responsibility is explicit at committee level

The Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility Committee oversees AI implementation, cybersecurity and related protocols.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
Committee mandateObserved

A standing committee owns the AI oversight remit

The proxy states that the committee oversees AI implementation and cybersecurity and recommends strategy for AI protocols.

Competency evidenceObserved

Director experience includes AI implementation oversight

The proxy identifies Cornelia Cheng's experience in board-level oversight of AI implementation and cybersecurity.

Alpha takeaway

The next maturity step is to convert the mandate into a recurring evidence pack with inventory, exceptions and control-testing results.

Annual meeting

Voting support was high across highlighted items

All director nominees were elected, say-on-pay passed and the auditor was ratified.

Open detailed analysis and evidence2 findings
Director voteInferred

Highest calculated director opposition was 3.39%

Timothy Triche received 1,108,278 votes against and 31,621,007 for; the percentage excludes abstentions and broker non-votes.

Say on payInferred

Calculated opposition was 3.76%

The advisory compensation vote recorded 31,454,030 for and 1,228,903 against; the percentage excludes abstentions and broker non-votes.

Alpha takeaway

Low opposition is a baseline of support, not evidence that investors have tested the emerging SHOP and AI-control questions.

Governance exhibits

Vote pressure and the accountable response cycle.

Observed results remain separate from Alpha's inferred sequence for engagement, board response, and disclosure.

Proxy votesInferred

Selected opposition remained below 4%

Why it matters: Percentages are calculated from votes for and against and exclude abstentions and broker non-votes.

View chart data and evidence
Accessible data for Selected opposition remained below 4%
ObservationValue
Say on pay3.76%
Director high3.39%
Auditor3.03%
7 / 9

AI

AI strategy, competitive advantage, workforce, and assurance.

Competitive position, business value, workforce transformation, accountability, controls, and evidence of operating effectiveness.

AI governance

The oversight mandate is clearer than the control record

LTC acknowledges AI and machine-learning use and assigns committee oversight, but public system-level evidence remains limited.

Open detailed analysis and evidence3 findings
Use and riskObserved

The 10-K explicitly acknowledges AI use

The annual report states that LTC has begun using AI and machine learning in operations and identifies inaccuracy, misapplication, data, intellectual-property and cyber risks.

Alpha takeaway

Adopt a NIST-informed inventory and exception process without treating framework alignment as a rating or proof of control effectiveness.

AI governance exhibits

Control evidence and disclosure gaps in comparable form.

The report shows only source-linked observations and preserves explicit unavailable states.

AI evidenceObserved

AI disclosure identifies risk and oversight, not control performance

Why it matters: The evidence establishes acknowledged use and board oversight; system-level implementation remains unavailable publicly.

View chart data and evidence
Accessible data for AI disclosure identifies risk and oversight, not control performance
ObservationValue
10-K use and risk disclosureAvailable
Proxy committee oversightAvailable
Q1 call AI discussionNo references measured
8 / 9

Board Agenda

Convert the evidence into accountable decisions.

Decisions, owners, triggers, required evidence, and questions for management.

Board agenda

Three decisions can make the transition governable

The evidence supports immediate work on SHOP performance, financing guardrails and AI control visibility.

Open detailed analysis and evidence3 findings

Alpha takeaway

Assign named owners and deadlines, then require the three records to reconcile in one quarterly board pack.

9 / 9

Evidence

Source lineage, methodology, and current changes.

Change history, claim provenance, source records, definitions, and methodology.

Not available

A dated change ledger is unavailable

The evidence ledger remains available below. Alpha has not inferred a change history.

Evidence ledger

Every material claim has a usable source path.

Evidence cutoff Aug 4, 2026. Source authority is reported separately from claim status, confidence, jurisdiction, evidence date, and comparability. “Not publicly found” identifies a disclosure boundary and never automatically produces a zero governance score. Market values can change after the cutoff.